- Python:
Python is a dynamic general-purpose language that is used for several purposes including writing automation scripts. It is cited as one of the easiest programming languages to learn and is used by many experts to test the integrity of systems.
Python has some important features that make it particularly useful for hacking, but probably most importantly, it has some pre-built libraries that provide some powerful functionality. Python ships with over 1,000 modules and many more are available in various other repositories. This isn’t to say that scripting languages like BASH, Perl, and Ruby can’t do the same things like Python, but building those capabilities are much easier using Python.
- SQL :
SQL stands for Structured Queried Language and it is the language used to interact databases in order to add, retrieve, or edit data.
An SQL injection is a set of SQL commands that are placed in a URL string or in data structures in order to retrieve a response that we want from the databases that are connected with the web applications. This type of attacks generally takes place on webpages developed using PHP or ASP.NET.
- C/C++:
C is a low-level programming language upon which modern Operating Systems are built and it has an edge over other languages because of how its ability to easily manipulate system resources and hardware. C++ is a high-level language developed as an extension of C with extra features that simplify programming.
Learning C/C++ equip you with the skills that enable you to reverse engineer enterprise software and its features e.g. static typing and polymorphism speed up the process of writing hacking applications and metamorphic PC viruses.
- JavaScript:
JavaScript is the most used client-side programming language and being the ideal language for building web applications, security experts prefer using it to build both front-end and back-end components.
Understanding JavaScript is essential for manipulating any type of web application because there are barely any online projects that don’t use JS or its libraries.
- HTML:
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language and it is not a programming language. It is used to markup text in a way the browser will know how to display information and so since every website is built using HTML, it is an essential language for all hackers and practically the first one you should learn.
- PHP:
PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Processor and it has been the most popular server-side programming language used for websites especially since the advent of WordPress which powers over 70% of the Internet’s websites.
Understanding how PHP works automatically puts you in a place where you are comfortable enough to learn how to take advantage of security leaks on the server-side.
- Java:
Java is a high-level object-oriented programming language that was developed to fix the shortcomings in C++. It is the language that powers many legacy apps including modern servers e.g. Spring MVC and Apache Tomcat. It also powers over 3 billion devices due to the Java code in Android devices which makes Java a perfect tool in the hands of experienced engineers.
Java applications are cross-platform and as an experienced writer, you can learn to reverse engineer any of the billions of applications in the market.
- Ruby:
Ruby is a web-focused programming language that is similar to Python when it comes to syntax and its use for writing automation programs. It is used to build many web applications and it offers its users blazing fast speeds.
Learning Ruby is an ideal language to learn because many penetration testing experts employ the language to accomplish several tasks including building applications. E.g. the extremely popular penetration testing framework, Metasploit, is written in Ruby.
- Assembly :
Assembly is a complicated low-level programming language that is closer to any OS than C. It is challenging to learn, and even more so to code in but it is capable of many things in the hands of an experienced hacker. Think viruses and malware – Assembly programmers are among the world’s deadliest hackers.
- Bash:
Bash is the last on this list because it is not a programming language but it is the default command shell in almost all Unix and Unix-like systems. Understanding Bash gives you the ability to complete tasks on virtually any major server and it will come in handy when you have to navigate your way to run programs from the terminal, especially remotely
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